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Form wealth of the container types

In order to understand the container forms around 1300, a more comprehensive time framework must be regarded.

First half 13 Century

At the same time with the development of the new, hard burned Scherbens of the nearly stoneware 13 steps at the beginning. Century in the Rhine country also new decoration forms up. Harder pieces of broken glass was the result now attainable higher firing temperatures. With their technical facilities is not to be entered here more in greater detail.

With the introduction fast turning Toepferscheiben (the fast running " turning lathe with disk and two pedals ", which " block disk " around 1240 developed [ Jean Gimpel: The industrielle revolution of the Middle Ages. Munich/Zurich, 1980; P. 263 ]) receive the container walls pronounced turning scoring, which is partly applied stressed by the toepfer with form woods. Thus the " Geriefte in such a way specified commodity " develops. It will be typical in the next centuries for the pottery of the Rhine country. With the early so decorated containers the lower part still handformed and only the top is provided with Riefung. In the course of the time the Riefung expands since the lower container part Also roll temple ornaments and scratched wave lines are attached. Further characteristic is the typical edge of collar or lip and the wave foot.

New container variants appear. Prevailing forms of the " Gerieften commodity " are roller cups with collar lip, cylinder neck jugs and cans, also with roll temple samples, large and small double handle bottles and Amphoren, small spherical, geriefte cups. The Grapen emerges beside the simple ball pots as cook container

The new harder material does not replace the softer earthen commodity produced so far however. As a result of the different material properties new possibilities arise for the employment in the household. It develops gradually a division in two parts: the cook and supply table-ware from porous, more heatproof ' more softly ' commodity and the board and Schankgeschirr from (nearly) waterproof nearly stoneware In most pottery centers both is parallel manufactured.

Second half 13 Century

Around the center of the 13.Jahrhunderts the stressed wall decorations also in Cologne area are very much liked. The individual elements of the walls, thus neck, shoulder and belly are to be defined clearly against each other. At the beginning it is sufficient to set the neck off from the container belly. The stress takes place first only via a smoothed strip between the scoring or via a roll temple volume. The soft s-Umrisslinie is maintained. The stronger burrs and furrows arising later must be attached in an additional work step by form woods. Frequently they are locked with volumes of fine Riefung. In victory castle wave lines also scratched are occupied.

The transition from the container neck to the belly, which is shoulder, now also the point, at which the lower part of the jug handle is set. The handles are mainly small from now on and span only the neck.

Among other things partly quite various variations of the collar lips let joy in Raffinessen relating to crafts, in trying new techniques and complicated forms out develop. It brings out also containers (e.g. cups, jugs and bottles) with three feet or Knubben. These dreibeinigen containers are after Reineking of support and Jansen with exception of the Grapen only a brief feature of the years around 1300.
To special experimentation joy also the arising form variety of the cups refers. Beside the usual pinched wave foot already are some cups with sharp-edged, accurately turned off foot. (this is actually a style characteristic 16. Century.) Ball pots with accurately worked turning grooves as decorating edge arise more frequently.

Increasingly are used close above.

Lip forms
after Annemie Moll:

First half of 14 Century

The form wealth is again limited.

During the time of experimenting with the form the simple container with s-foermiger silhouette in the past century half had never disappeared completely. Now developed on this outlined further.
Characteristic of the containers from the Rhine country is a pear-shaped container body on broad wave foot. The jugs have the salient collar lip. Their triangular cross section - inside smoothly and easily outward rounded off - is many more simply worked than that 13. Century and stands out clearly against the gefaesswand The typical Riefung of the containers is pronouncedly and carefully worked. The arrangements of the gefaesswand of the cylinder neck jugs are strengthened frequently by a circulating bulge on the jug shoulder.

Sleeve containers become unfashionable.

New bottle forms arise: there are now condition bottles with only one, instead of so far two to handles and frequently closer neck. Canteens are occupied also round, which held themselves as gebrauchsgeschirr in the 19.Jahrhundert.

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 06.08.2003